Diagnostics used to measure flux and energy in synchrotrons are
in a state of development. This picture illustrates some concerns with
previous calibration procedures and allowances made for beryllium
windows and argon gas detectors.
This topic of investigation is wide-ranging and links to capillary optics for even stronger focussed beams, and also to the development of specific analytical systems and even spectrometers. It also links to diffraction / attenuation investigations and form factor studies. It is primarily applied in nature.
(See the introduction for the xray optics home page.)